Dust condenser



F. H. WAGNER DUST CONDENSER 3, Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed 001).. '7, 19303nnentor 3 1 Gttornegs',

. 1 f r M m ?x i h in wmr i 1 y w i 2%. T P w w x 5 a mu a m 3 e 6W3 V wM u n MM 5 fi I w r w W m, 7 w A w b v @n\. W F 5 w w m B a M 0 6 .w H,1 1 1 m a l K 6 'Aug. 9, 1932. F. H. WAGNER DUST CONDENSER Filed Oct.7, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 u i m I s w t 9 I 3nventor FeZerL'CZ E mgiu r BM huh I W Gttornegs.

g- 1932- F. H: WAGNER DUST CONDENSER I Filed Oct. 7,1930

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 \\\\\\\\\ii naw/m;

' Gttomegs I Patented Aug. 9, 1932 uuirso STATES PATENT? @FFICE.

HAYWARD COMPANY, OF BALTIMORE,

LAND

MARYLAND, A. CORPORATION OF MARY- DUST CONDENSER I Application filedOctober 7, 1930. Serial No. 487,076.

This invention pertains to dust condensers and has for its main objectthe provision of means for saturating or supersaturating gases withwater in order that when the water vapor condenses out of the gas itwill condense on the dust particles as thenucleus and thus remove itfrom the gas in the outflowing water. For this purpose the apparatus isdi vided into two sections, a lower humidifying to section and an upperor condensing section.

Humidification may be accomplished with either hot or cold water,depending upon the initial temperature of the gas, such water beingsprayed in the form. of a fine mist into the gas space.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for spraying thewater, such means taking the form of turbines, and associated elements,driven through the pressure of the incoming water used for saturatingand condensing purposes.

With these and other objects in view reference will .be had to theannexed drawings wherein,

Figure l is a vertical sectional view with parts in elevation,

Figure 2 a transverse horizontal sectional view taken on the line II-IIof Figure 1,

Figure 3 a like view on the line'III-III of Figure 1,

Figure 4 an enlarged vertical sectional view of one of theturbo-spraying units,

Figure 5 a horizontal sectional view thereof taken on the line VV ofFigure 4,

Figure 6 a vertical sectional view of a modified form of aturbo-spraying element,-

Figure 7 a horizontal sectional view on the line VIL-VTI of Figure 6,and

Figure 8 a detail elevation illustrative of the turbo blade arrangement.

Reference will first be had to the construction disclosed in Figures 1to 5 wherein 1 is the shell or casing of the apparatus having atangential gas inlet 2 at its base and a gas off-take main 3 at its top.From the gas intake 2 the gas is forced upwardly through the casingcoming into contact with various water sprays and contact plates whichtend to first saturate or supersaturate the gas with water andthereafter to concal member dense the water vapor out of the gascarrying the dust particles with it.

. Located in the lower portion of the shell or casing is afrusto-conical member4 extending inwardly from the walls of the casingand carrying a downwardly extending open cylindrical element 5, thelower edge whereof is preferably serrated or notched. The gas passingupwardly through this member comes into contact with the mist or vaporthrown outwardly by the first turbo-sprayer.

This element is preferably of the form shown in Fgurcs 2 to 5 inclusive.It comprises a cylindrical casing 6 closed by a top 7. At the base ofthe cylindrical element there is formed an inwardly extending shelf orfalse bottom 8 having a centrally disposed opening 9 defined by a flange10 sion of the element 8. Also extending downwardly from the lower endof the cylindri- 6 is arr-inverted conical-shaped member 11 having acentrally disposed nozzle or discharge element 12 formed as acontinuation thereof. The casing 6 and its all ed parts is supported inany suitable manner, as by I-beams 13 secured to the casing 1 and takingthe casing 6.

Cover 7 carries a ball bearing 15 through which extends a shaft 16, theshaft passing through a stuffing box 17 formed upon the upper face of aclosure element 18 for the blades of the turbo-sprayer. The shaft alsoextends through a hub 19 carried at the inner ends of arms 20 extendingupwardly from the member 11. The shaft at its lowermost end is reducedin diameter and passed through a hub 21 formed as an integral portion ofthe spreader plate 22. The latter is secured to and rotates with theshaft by nuts 23.

Secured to a'hub 24, see Figure 5, are a series of curved blades orbuokets;25,the outer ends whereof terminate adjacent a series of thereversely curved blades 26, the latter being stationary and secured inplace between the members 8 and 18. Extending upwardly from the member 8and standing in spaced relation to the member 6 and the outer edges ofthe fixed blades 26 is an anformed as an exten- I against brackets 14secured to nular member 27 This member is employed to secure asubstantially even distribution of the inflowing water introduced underpressure through the inlet pipe 28, which water, as will presentlyappear, may be either hot or cold according to requirements.

The pipe 28 is connected to a flange 29, the inner portion whereof hasan opening 30 which deflects the water downwardly into the space betweenthe member 27 and the member 26 and consequently the water will firstfill this space and then overflow the top thereof, passing into contactwith the blades 25 and, through centrifugal actionwhich inheres due tothe rotation of said members, will be thrown outwardly into contact withthe outermost fixed blades 26. From these the water passes downwardlyinto the frustoconical member 11 through the d scharge nozzle l2 andonto the distributor plate 22. The water, as it passes outwardly fromthe nozzle, is in a turbulent condition and is thrown latterly acrossthe plate 22 due to centrifugal action. The plate is provided adjacentits periphery with a series of upstanding beater arms 31 and 32 whichare designed to cooperate with fixed arms 33 located between the same.Said arms 33 are bent inwardly above the upper ends of the pins or arms31 and are attached to a ring-shaped member er which is supported bybrackets 34 extending outwardly from the casing 6 of the tnrb0- sprayer.These fixed arms and the arms or pins 31 and 32 which rotate with theplate 22 tend to disrupt the water or atomize it as it passes outwardlytoward the casing 1 and through the upgoing gas stream which itsaturates or supersaturates.

Pipe 28 is connected into the cold water and hot water mains 35 and 36,respectively, through valve branches 37 and 38.' Thus by manipulatingthe valves the temperature of the water, which is atomized by theturbosprayer or humidifier, may be regulated according to thetemperature of the in-ccming gas. The gas thus treated passes throughthe central opening or flange 39 extending downwardly from the invertedfrusto-conical partition or wall 40. Said member 40 and the member 4form in effect a chamber A in which the lowermost turbo-sprayer islocated.

The gas passing from the chamber A. through the flange 39 passes into asecond humidifying chamber B where there is located a secondturbo-sprayer denoted generally by 41. It is of a form similar to thatheretofore described in connection with the former similar element.

The upper portion of chamber B is defined by a horizontally disposedplate 42 having a central opening 43 formed therein. A bearing 44supported by arms 45 is located in the opening and the shaft 16 extendstherethrough.

The plate 42 forms the lower portion of a third chamber C, the upperwall 46 whereof is provided with a plurality of upstanding oi'ftakepipes 47. The upper ends of said pipes are open and stand in spacedrelation to cap pieces i8 which extend upwardly from the perforate plated9. Said plate, as will be seen upon reference to Figure 1, stands inspaced relation to the plate 46 and the gas which passes downwardlyabout the members 47 must pass through slots 50 formed in the downwardlyextending flange of the combined perforate plate member 49 and the cappieces 48.

Extending downwardly from the perforate plate ll) and through the plate46 at the center of the apparatus is an overflow pipe 51, the upper endwhereof stands slightly above the level of the perforate plate 49. Thelower end of the overflow pipe 51 extends into a cupshaped member 52carried by the shaft l6 and beneath itis a disk or plate 53.

The pipe 51 and the cup 52 form a gas seal and in view of the flaredformation of the cup it will tend to throw any liquid outwardly againstthe inner surface of an annular dependent member 5% secured to the underface of the plate 46 and provided at its upper portion with a series ofperforations 55. The water thrown against the inner wall of the annularor circular member just mentionedv will drop down upon the plate 53which, due to its rotation will be sprayed into the gas space bycentrifugal force and through the gas stream passing upwardly throughthe chamber C.

The cross partition or wall 46 forms in effeet the lower wall of afourth chamber D, the upper wall whereof is formed by a member similarin form and construction to the member 46 and denoted by 46. There areassociated with this member 4:6 elements similar to those just describedand like parts will be denoted by like reference numerals with theexponent a. Extending transversely of the chamber D is a plate 56through which the upcoming as is forced to pass.

A fifth ciamber E is formed between the element 46 and the transversepartition 57, the latter being provided with a central opening 58. Theperforate plate or diaphragm 56 extends transversely of the chamber andthe upgoing gas must pass therethrough.

In the upper portion of the chamber E there is provided a turbo-sprayerdenoted by 41 the construction of which follows that,

heretofore described and acts to throw a mist of water outwardly towardthe wall of the casing and transversely of the stream of up coming gas.The gas passing from the outlet 58 finally enters the upper end of themain 3 and is discharged to any suitable point.

The cold water main 35, heretofore referred to, extends upwardly to thetop of the apparatus and is connected into the uppermost turbo-sprayer451. It is also provided with valved laterals 59 and 59 opening intowells or pockets 60 and 60, respectively. Also extending into thesewells are valved pipes 61 and 61 respectively, per ends opening intoWeirs 62 and 62 thus insuring the retention of a layer of water upon theperforate plates 56 and 56 at all times. Valved draw-off pipes 63 and 63open into the pipes 61 and 61 so that the water may be drawn off fromthe perforate plates should occasion so require.

Plate 42 is provided with a trapped drawoff 64. Any water which maycollect upon the outer portion of the cylindrical member 58 will passinto a gutter 65 formed around its lower edge and into a trappeddraw-off pipe 66. As will be noted, the plate 57 inclines downwardlyfrom its center toward the outer wall of the casing and a trapped drawo?67 is provided at the lower portion of this p ate.

The operation of the apparatus thus far described is as follows:

The gas under pressure enters the inlet tube and passes upwardly to theoutlet taking the course indicated by the arrows. lVater is caused topass into the turbo-sprayers and initially through the pipes 59 and 59to place water on the plates 46 and 46. The turbines will, of course,through the action of the water, be set in motion and the Water passingfrom the blades onto the plate 22 is thrown outwardly therefrom and isbroken up by the fingers carried by the plate and those extendingdownwardly from the shell or easing of the turbine. This water may becold or hot, or any temperature between cold and hot, according to thecondition of the gas entering the apparatus.

In the chamber A the gas comes into contact with the spray thrownoutwardly by the plate 22 where it is partially saturated then upwardlyinto the chamber B where it is subjected to further treatment which maysupersaturate it. It then passes upwardly into the chamber C and issubjected to the spray thrown outwardly by the plate 53 before it passesupwardly through the up-take pipes 47. The gas from these pipes passesthrough the perforations 50 and up through the perforate plate 49 intothe lower portion of the chamber D.

Inasmuch as the plate 46 has water thereon the gas will, by reason ofits velocity, pick up such water and carry it through the openings inthe plate 49 upon which a body of water is maintained by reason of thegas pressure. Thus in passing through this portion of the chamber D thegas is subdivided and brought into intimate contact with the water. Itis again sub-divided and brought into intimate contact with the water inpassing through the perforate plate 56 upon which a bodyof. water ismaintained due to the pressure of the gas and the presence of the saidpipes at their upweir 62. After passing through the plate 56 it is againsubjected to a water mist or spray thrown outwardly by the plate 53 Thesame action inheres in the lower part of the chamber E between the plate46 and the perforate plate 56 as obtains between the plates 46 and 56,respectively. In the upper portion of the chamber E the gas is subjectedto final spraying action or mist brought about by the turbo-sprayer 41which is fed with cold water at all times. being thus cooled, and thewater vapor condensed, the gas passes through the opening 58 into theoutlet chamber. Any condensed water, due to impingement against theunder surface of the plate 57, will run outwardly to the wall 1 or becollected in the gutter 65, finally passing to the trapped opening. Inthe chamber in which the gas outlet 3 extends the gas will impingeagainst the roof or top of the apparatus where it drops out additionalentrained water and then reverses its travel and passes outwardlythrough the main 3. Such water will pass down to the plate 57 and becarried therefrom through the trap 67 out of the gas stream. The coldwater distributed by the turbo-sprayer 41 gathers on the upper surfaceof the bubble plate 56 where it is sustained by the pressure of the gasfrom beneath and flows off through one or more overflows 61. the latterdelivering the water to the well or pocket from which it passes onto theplate 46 The water passes downwardly through the pipe 51 into thecup-shaped member 52. whence as above described. it overflows and isredistributed in the lower portion of the chamber D in the form of mist.Pipe 51 carries the water to chamber 0 wherein it is again sprayed. thewater finally passing outwardl v through the trap 64 associated with theplate 42.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the incoming gas is saturated wth water. It is thereafter broken up into fine bubbles and streams andforced to ass through bubb e plates upon which a body of water ismaintained. It is likewise caused to pass through various zones of mistor spray which tend to further saturate it or condense the wateraccording to the temperature of the water ntroduced into the apparatus.It is finally subjected to the action of a cold spray or mist which hasthe effect of cooling and condensing the water vapor and withdrawing itfrom the gas, such vapor condensing upon the particles as the nucelusand thus removing the dust from the gas.

In Figures 6-, 7 and 8 a modified form of turbine for driving the sprayplate and its disintegrating fingers is illustrated. In this instancethe incoming water passes into an annular channel 7 O and over a rim orflange 71 to he curved blades 72. These blades are fixed between theouter casing 7 3 and an After inner bell-shaped member 74. The waterdischarges from the blades 72 to a series of underlying blades 75 whichare reversely curved. These blades are connected to a frame 7 6 keyed tothe shaft 16. The water passing from the blades 72 reacts against theblades 75 and causes a rotation of the frame 76 and the shaft 16 withits allied parts.

The casing 73 extends downwardly to the spray or diffusing plate 77inwardly of which there is a second bell-shaped member 78 thus forming achannel 79 between said casing 73 and the lower portion of the member78. The liquid discharged from the turbine is, as in the prior forms,gathered and discharged onto the atomizing plate. As in the otherstructure the plate carries a plurality of pins 80 cooperating withfixed pins or arms 81 supported by suitable brackets extending from thecasing,

Under both constructions it will be noted that there is no heavy shaftemployed as is common in the well known scrubbers of today wherein aseries of inverted frusto-conical members are employed as pumping andspraying elements. Furthermore no outside source of power, other thanthe water employed in cleaning the gas, is necessary to offect'thespraying of the water which of course is apoint of manifest advantageboth as to structure and cost of operation.

What is claimed is:

1. In a gas cleaning apparatus, the combinations of a casing having agas inlet and a gas outlet; a shaft extending vertically in the casing;a turbine for driving the shaft; means for introducing fluid to theturbine to actuate the same; means for gathering the fluid passing fromthe turbine; and means attached to the shaft for receiving the fluiddischarged from the turbine and atomizing the same transversely of thecasing, whereby the fluid performs the dual function of driving theturbine and spraying the gas.

2. In a gas cleaning apparatus, the combination of a casing having a gasinlet and a gas outlet; a shaft extending vertically in the casing; aturbine for driving the shaft; means for introducing fluid to theturbine to actuate the same; means for gathering the fluid passing fromthe turbine; and a plate likewise attached to the shaft and to which thedischarge from the turbine is directly passed whereby such dischar ewill be thrown outwardly and through the upgoing gas stream.

3. A structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein means is providedadjacent the outer portion of the plate for disintegrating the water asit asses from said plate.

4. n a gas cleaning apparatus, the combination of a casing having a gasinlet and a gas outlet; a shaft extending vertically in thecasing; aseries of curved blades secured to the shaft and extending outwardlytherefrom; a series of fixed blades located adjacent the outer ends ofthe first named blades; a

. casing surrounding said elements in spaced secured to the shaft; and aspreader plate secured to the shaft upon which the fluid passes from thedischarge opening of the casm d. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4,wherein means is provided between the inlet for the fluid and the outerportion of the fixed blades for securing a substantially evendistribution of the fluid to said blades.

6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein the spreader plate isrovided with a series of upstandin fingers or arms coacting with aseries of fixed fingers to disintegrate the fluid as it is dischargedfrom the plate.

7. In a gas cleaning apparatus, the combination of a casing having a gasinlet and a gas outlet a shaft extendin verticall in the casing; meanscarried by the shaft and located in the lower portion of the casing foratomizing water therein; at least one chamber located above said means,the lower wall whereof is provided with at least one vertical uptake; ahood overlying the upper end of the uptake and standing in spacedrelation thereto; a perforate plate associated with said hood andbeneath which the gas passes from the hood; a perforate plate extendingtransversely of the chamber above the hood; means for maintaining a bodyof liquid upon said plate; and means carried by the shaft for sprayingliquid transversely of tllie chamber at a point above the perforate pate.

8. In a gas cleaning apparatus, the combination of a casing having a gasinlet and a gas outlet; a shaft extending vertically in the casing;means carried by the shaft and located in the lower portion of the casinfor subjecting the incoming gas to a liquid spray; a chamber locatedabove said lower portion, the lower wall of said chamber being definedby a plate having a centrally located opening and the upper wall by aplate having at least one uptake pipe; a hood overlying the upper end ofsaid pipe and standing in spaced relation thereto; a perforate plateassociated with said hood and extending transversely of the casing, saidplate having a downwardly extending portion formed with openingsadjacent the u per plate of the chamber; a pipe extending rom a pointabove said perforate plate downwardried by the shaft and associated withsaid cup acting to throw the liquid passing from the cup outwardlythrough the upcoming gas stream.

9. In a gas cleaning apparatus, the combination of a casing having a gasinlet and a gas outlet; means located in the lower portion thereof foratomizing water into the upcoming gas stream; at least one chamberlocated within the casing above said atomizing means; a driven shaftextending through said chamber, the lower wall of the chamber beingprovided with a plurality of uptake pipes and the upper wall being ofsimilar form; a perforate plate extending transversely of the chamberand dividing the same into upper and lower portions; means forintroducing liquid into the upper portion of the chamber: means carriedby the shaft for spraying such liquid transversely of the chamber andabove the perforate plate; a second perforate plate associated with thelower wall of the chamber, said perforate plate. having cap piecesoverlying the uptake pipes and likewise having openings in its lowermarginal portion means for maintaining water at a given level upon theperforate plate first mentioned; and means for maintaining water uponthe lower wall of the chamber. In testimony whereof I have signed myname to this specification.

FREDERICK H. WAGNER.

